Best Engineered Wood Siding Brands
Engineered wood siding offers a compelling alternative to traditional materials, combining the aesthetic appeal of natural wood with enhanced durability and performance. This comprehensive guide delves into the world of engineered wood siding, exploring the diverse range of materials, manufacturing processes, and top brands available. We’ll examine crucial factors like performance, durability, installation, and maintenance, equipping you with the knowledge to make informed decisions for your home improvement project.
From the initial introduction to engineered wood siding, its diverse types, and manufacturing processes, this exploration delves into the key aspects. This includes a detailed comparison of different types of engineered wood siding, emphasizing the material, appearance, and maintenance requirements. The analysis will be presented in a clear and concise manner to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Introduction to Engineered Wood Siding
Engineered wood siding offers a compelling alternative to traditional wood siding, combining the aesthetic appeal of natural wood with enhanced durability and performance. This engineered approach utilizes various materials and manufacturing processes to create siding that resists moisture damage, insect infestation, and the ravages of time, making it a long-term investment for homeowners. It is increasingly popular for its versatility, allowing for diverse design choices and color palettes, while also significantly reducing maintenance requirements.
Types of Engineered Wood Siding Materials
Engineered wood siding encompasses a range of materials beyond traditional lumber. Different compositions provide varying levels of performance characteristics. Key examples include composite siding, fiber cement siding, and wood-plastic composite siding. Each material type has unique properties that affect its cost, aesthetic qualities, and suitability for different climates and building styles.
Manufacturing Processes of Engineered Wood Siding
The manufacturing process for engineered wood siding varies depending on the specific material. For example, composite siding typically involves combining wood fibers or wood flour with polymers, resins, or other binding agents. This blend is then formed into panels or planks, often with added color pigments. Fiber cement siding, on the other hand, combines cellulose fibers with cement and other additives, which are then formed into panels through a specialized process. The manufacturing methods aim to create a material that is more resistant to weathering and degradation than traditional wood siding.
Comparison of Engineered Wood Siding Types
The following table provides a comparative overview of different engineered wood siding types, highlighting their key characteristics:
| Siding Type | Material | Appearance | Maintenance Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Composite Siding | Wood fibers/flour, polymers, resins | Mimics natural wood grain; various colors and textures available | Low maintenance; requires occasional cleaning with mild detergent and water |
| Fiber Cement Siding | Cellulose fibers, cement, additives | Durable, smooth surface; various colors and textures available | Minimal maintenance; requires occasional washing with water or mild detergent |
| Wood-Plastic Composite Siding | Wood fibers/flour, plastics | Durable, wood-like appearance; wide range of colors and textures | Low maintenance; requires occasional cleaning with mild detergent and water |
Top Brands in Engineered Wood Siding
Engineered wood siding has become a popular choice for homeowners seeking durable and aesthetically pleasing exterior cladding. Understanding the different brands available and their respective strengths is crucial for making an informed decision. This section delves into the top brands in the engineered wood siding market, examining their histories, quality, and warranty offerings.
Reputable Brands
A number of reputable brands dominate the engineered wood siding market, each offering unique characteristics and quality. Choosing the right brand requires careful consideration of factors such as the siding’s durability, aesthetic appeal, and warranty terms.
- James Hardie Fiber Cement Siding: A leading manufacturer, James Hardie has a long history in the building materials industry, known for its durable fiber cement siding. This material resists rot, insect damage, and fire, providing long-term value for homeowners. James Hardie’s siding is renowned for its strength and ability to withstand harsh weather conditions, making it a reliable choice for various climates. Its wide range of colors and styles ensures a versatile aesthetic for any home.
- CertainTeed: CertainTeed is another prominent brand recognized for its diverse range of siding products, including engineered wood siding. They offer a variety of styles and colors to suit various architectural preferences. Their engineered wood siding is often praised for its realistic wood grain patterns and long-lasting finish. Furthermore, CertainTeed often employs advanced manufacturing techniques to enhance the siding’s resistance to moisture and decay.
- LP SmartSide: LP SmartSide is a significant player in the engineered wood siding market. Known for its innovative approach to wood siding production, LP SmartSide emphasizes the resilience and durability of its products. This siding is often appreciated for its high-performance qualities, particularly in resisting moisture and rot. Its advanced manufacturing process often results in a smooth, even finish that minimizes maintenance.
- Pella: Pella is a well-established name in the window and exterior products industry, offering a range of siding options, including engineered wood siding. Pella’s focus on quality craftsmanship and energy efficiency extends to their siding products, often with attractive warranties and customer service. Pella siding often exhibits a premium look and feel.
- Trex: Trex, renowned for its composite decking, also manufactures engineered wood siding. Their siding boasts an attractive wood-grain appearance with the durability of composite materials. The reduced maintenance requirements compared to traditional wood siding are a key feature of Trex’s offerings. Its innovative composite material helps to resist moisture and decay, minimizing the need for upkeep.
Quality and Features Comparison
Different brands offer varying levels of quality and features. Some focus on durability and resistance to rot and decay, while others emphasize aesthetic appeal and ease of installation. Factors like the specific wood species used, the manufacturing process, and the type of finish applied all contribute to the overall quality and performance of the siding.
Warranty Information
The following table provides a summary of the warranty information offered by the top brands. Warranty terms can vary based on specific product lines and installation conditions. Always consult the manufacturer’s warranty documentation for the most precise details.
| Brand | Typical Warranty Period (Years) | Coverage Details |
|---|---|---|
| James Hardie Fiber Cement Siding | 20-50 years | Typically covers material defects and workmanship. Specific details vary depending on the product line. |
| CertainTeed | 20-50 years | Generally covers material and workmanship defects. Specific warranty periods may vary depending on the product. |
| LP SmartSide | 20-50 years | Typically includes coverage for material and workmanship issues. Review the specific warranty for detailed coverage. |
| Pella | 20-50 years | Offers warranty for material and installation, with specific conditions. Always check the warranty terms. |
| Trex | 20-50 years | Provides warranty on material defects and workmanship. Consult the product documentation for complete details. |
Performance and Durability of Engineered Wood Siding
Engineered wood siding, a composite material, offers a compelling alternative to traditional wood siding, particularly in terms of performance and durability. This enhanced performance is a result of its construction, which blends wood fibers with other materials to create a product that is more resistant to the elements and less prone to damage compared to natural wood. This superior performance translates into longer lifespan and reduced maintenance needs for homeowners.
Engineered wood siding is engineered to stand up to the rigors of various weather conditions, significantly extending its lifespan compared to traditional wood siding. Its inherent resilience to moisture, pests, and extreme temperatures contributes to its enduring beauty and practicality.
Resistance to Weather Elements
Engineered wood siding demonstrates superior resistance to the damaging effects of rain, snow, and wind. Its composite nature provides inherent protection against moisture penetration, which significantly reduces the risk of rot, decay, and warping. This enhanced resistance contributes to the siding’s longevity and helps maintain its structural integrity over time. Furthermore, the composite construction often incorporates weather-resistant additives, which further protect the siding from the elements.
Durability and Lifespan
The durability of engineered wood siding is a key factor in its appeal. Manufacturers often provide warranties that reflect their confidence in the product’s long-term performance. These warranties, coupled with the inherent durability of the material, often result in a lifespan exceeding that of traditional wood siding. Factors such as the specific manufacturing process and the quality of the composite materials directly influence the siding’s overall lifespan. For example, a siding product with a robust composite structure and moisture-resistant additives may exhibit a 50-year lifespan, whereas a less sophisticated product might only last 25 years.
Resistance to Pests and Insects
Engineered wood siding demonstrates a significant advantage over traditional wood siding when it comes to pest resistance. The composite construction typically includes preservatives that effectively deter insects and other pests, reducing the risk of infestation and the associated damage. This is a significant benefit for homeowners in regions with a higher risk of pest activity. The addition of these pest-resistant elements is a critical factor in ensuring the siding’s long-term durability and aesthetic appeal.
Expansion and Contraction
Engineered wood siding, due to its composite construction, typically exhibits a reduced tendency to expand and contract in response to temperature fluctuations. This characteristic contributes to the siding’s stability and helps maintain its structural integrity. The inherent properties of the composite material often mitigate the effects of seasonal changes, preventing issues such as warping, cracking, or buckling, which are common with traditional wood siding. This consistency is crucial for maintaining the siding’s aesthetic appeal and structural soundness over its lifespan.
Installation and Maintenance of Engineered Wood Siding
Engineered wood siding, while offering a beautiful aesthetic and impressive durability, requires careful installation and ongoing maintenance to ensure its longevity. Proper installation safeguards the structural integrity of the siding and the underlying house, while appropriate maintenance protects the siding’s finish and prevents premature deterioration. This section details the critical aspects of both processes.
Engineered wood siding installation, while often simpler than traditional wood siding, demands adherence to specific techniques to guarantee the desired results. Following a step-by-step approach and employing the right tools are essential for achieving a flawless and enduring installation.
Installation Procedure
A meticulous installation process is crucial for engineered wood siding to perform optimally. This involves careful planning, precise measurements, and adherence to manufacturer guidelines.
- Site Preparation: Thoroughly inspect the existing wall structure for any damage or imperfections. Ensure the surface is clean, dry, and level. This foundational step prevents issues later in the installation process.
- Framing and Flashing: Properly frame the wall to accommodate the siding. Install flashing at all intersections and around windows and doors to prevent moisture penetration. This crucial step protects the underlying structure from water damage.
- Siding Application: Begin installing the siding according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure proper spacing and alignment for a cohesive and visually appealing finish. Adhere to recommended overlap specifications to maximize protection.
- Finishing Touches: Seal any gaps or openings and secure all fasteners. Apply any necessary protective coatings or sealants, again following manufacturer’s instructions. These final steps ensure a complete and protected installation.
Importance of Proper Installation Practices
Proper installation practices are vital for the long-term performance of engineered wood siding. They directly impact the siding’s durability, its ability to resist moisture, and its overall aesthetic appeal.
- Preventing Moisture Damage: Proper flashing and sealing prevent water from penetrating the siding and causing rot or mildew, extending the siding’s life.
- Ensuring Structural Integrity: Correctly installed siding supports the integrity of the house structure. This prevents issues that might result from improper support.
- Maintaining a Uniform Appearance: Accurate measurements and adherence to spacing ensure a consistent look across the entire surface, maintaining a pleasing aesthetic.
Maintenance Requirements
Regular maintenance is essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of engineered wood siding. These steps help maintain its appearance and protect it from the elements.
- Regular Cleaning: Routine cleaning helps maintain the siding’s finish and prevent the buildup of dirt and grime, which can lead to premature weathering.
- Inspection for Damage: Periodic inspections identify any signs of damage, such as cracks, gaps, or loose fasteners, which can be addressed promptly to prevent further deterioration.
- Repairing Damage: Promptly repair any damage to maintain the structural integrity and aesthetic appeal of the siding.
Cleaning and Repair Table
| Siding Type | Cleaning Method | Repair Method |
|—|—|—|
| Painted Engineered Wood Siding | Use a soft-bristled brush or sponge with mild soap and water. Rinse thoroughly. | Repair any cracks or gaps with a matching wood filler, sanding smooth, and repainting. |
| Stained Engineered Wood Siding | Use a soft-bristled brush or sponge with a mild cleaner designed for wood stains. Rinse thoroughly. | Repair any cracks or gaps with a matching wood filler, sanding smooth, and restaining. |
| Untreated Engineered Wood Siding | Use a soft-bristled brush or sponge with a mild cleaner designed for wood siding. Rinse thoroughly. | Repair any cracks or gaps with a matching wood filler, sanding smooth, and applying a protective sealant. |
Cost and Value of Engineered Wood Siding
Engineered wood siding, with its attractive appearance and robust construction, presents a compelling option for homeowners seeking long-term value. Understanding its pricing structure and comparing it to other siding alternatives is crucial in making an informed decision. This section delves into the cost analysis and long-term value proposition of engineered wood siding.
Pricing Analysis of Engineered Wood Siding
Various factors influence the price of engineered wood siding, including the specific wood species, the manufacturer, and the design features. Manufacturers often offer a range of siding profiles, finishes, and thicknesses, which directly impact the cost. A crucial element is the level of pre-treatment and manufacturing processes. Higher quality treatments and manufacturing techniques may result in a higher price point, but often lead to superior durability and performance.
Comparison to Other Siding Options
Engineered wood siding competes with several other materials for exterior cladding. Vinyl siding, for instance, is often more affordable upfront but may not offer the same aesthetic appeal or the long-term durability of engineered wood. Fiber cement siding, while durable, typically commands a higher initial cost than engineered wood. Stone veneer, while visually appealing, can be substantially more expensive, especially when considering installation costs. The decision to choose one over the other should weigh factors beyond price, including aesthetics, maintenance, and expected lifespan.
Long-Term Value Proposition
The long-term value of engineered wood siding is often determined by its longevity and reduced maintenance requirements compared to other options. While the initial cost may be higher than some alternatives, the durability and resilience of the material often lead to significant long-term savings. This is especially true when considering the cost of replacements and repairs over the lifespan of the siding. The potential for enhanced property value due to the material’s attractive aesthetic is also a factor.
Comparative Cost Analysis Table
The table below provides a general comparison of initial costs, installation costs, and potential long-term savings for various siding options, including engineered wood. Please note that these are estimated figures and actual costs may vary based on specific project requirements and regional variations.
| Siding Type | Initial Cost (per square foot) | Installation Cost (per square foot) | Potential Long-Term Savings (per square foot, over 20 years) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Engineered Wood | $5-$10 | $5-$8 | $2-$4 (due to reduced maintenance and extended lifespan) |
| Vinyl | $3-$5 | $3-$5 | $0-$1 (potential for higher maintenance costs and shorter lifespan) |
| Fiber Cement | $7-$12 | $6-$9 | $1-$3 (durability offsets higher initial and installation costs) |
| Stone Veneer | $15-$30+ | $10-$20+ | $0-$5 (visual appeal and longevity, but high initial and installation costs) |
Note: These are approximate figures and should be verified with local contractors and material suppliers. Factors such as material quality, project complexity, and regional differences can significantly affect pricing.
Design and Aesthetics of Engineered Wood Siding
Engineered wood siding offers a compelling blend of natural beauty and modern practicality. Its diverse range of styles, colors, and finishes allows homeowners to achieve a wide array of architectural aesthetics, from rustic charm to contemporary elegance. This versatility makes it an attractive choice for a broad spectrum of architectural styles and design preferences.
The design options available with engineered wood siding are extensive, enabling homeowners to personalize their exteriors to match their unique vision. The material’s ability to mimic the look and feel of natural wood, while offering enhanced durability and performance, is a key advantage.
Styles and Colors Available
Engineered wood siding comes in a wide array of styles, mimicking various wood species and grain patterns. From smooth, contemporary finishes to textured, rustic appearances, the options are plentiful. Colors range from light, natural tones to darker, more dramatic shades, catering to a variety of aesthetic preferences. The ability to customize color and style ensures that the siding perfectly complements the home’s existing design and surroundings.
Versatility in Architectural Styles
Engineered wood siding’s versatility extends to a wide range of architectural styles. Its ability to mimic traditional wood siding makes it a suitable choice for homes with historic or craftsman-style exteriors. Contemporary designs can also benefit from the material’s versatility, using it to create modern accents and details. The natural look of the material allows it to seamlessly integrate with various design elements, from traditional clapboard to modern shingles.
Matching Engineered Wood Siding to Design Aesthetic
Selecting the right engineered wood siding involves careful consideration of the home’s existing architectural style. A homeowner aiming for a rustic aesthetic might choose a siding with a pronounced wood grain and a weathered finish. For a contemporary design, a smooth, uniform finish in a modern color palette would be more appropriate. The desired visual impact should guide the selection process, considering both the overall style and the specific details of the home’s design.
Finishes and Textures
Engineered wood siding is available in various finishes and textures. Smooth finishes provide a clean, contemporary look, while textured finishes offer a more rustic or traditional appearance. The choice of finish significantly impacts the overall aesthetic appeal of the home’s exterior. The texture can emphasize the natural wood grain or create a completely unique visual statement. Options range from smooth surfaces to those with pronounced wood grain patterns. Different finishes and textures can be combined to create a visually interesting and personalized exterior.
Examples in Various Architectural Settings
Engineered wood siding is suitable for a wide array of architectural styles. For example, a craftsman-style home might benefit from a siding that mimics the look of hand-hewn wood, creating a cozy and inviting atmosphere. In a contemporary setting, the siding can be used to add a touch of natural warmth without sacrificing modern aesthetics. A classic Victorian home could be enhanced by a siding that reflects the original wood paneling designs, seamlessly integrating with the architectural features. The choice of siding style should always complement the home’s overall design. Homes in coastal areas might opt for siding that resists moisture better, further enhancing the home’s structural integrity.
Customer Reviews and Ratings
Customer feedback plays a crucial role in assessing the performance and satisfaction levels associated with engineered wood siding. Analyzing reviews and ratings provides valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of various brands, helping consumers make informed decisions. This section will summarize customer opinions across different aspects, highlighting recurring themes and providing a structured overview of the feedback.
Customer reviews offer a diverse perspective on the quality, installation, and overall value proposition of engineered wood siding. This detailed examination of customer experiences allows for a comprehensive understanding of the pros and cons of each brand, enabling a more informed decision-making process for potential buyers.
Quality of Engineered Wood Siding
Customer reviews consistently highlight the importance of material quality. Many praise the durability and resistance to rot and pests exhibited by the siding, while others note variations in the wood grain and finish quality. Some report issues with warping or dimensional instability, while others express satisfaction with the product’s ability to withstand harsh weather conditions. These varying experiences underscore the importance of checking specific product details and considering the brand’s reputation for quality control.
Installation of Engineered Wood Siding
Installation quality is another critical aspect frequently discussed in customer reviews. Positive feedback often focuses on the ease of installation, the efficiency of installers, and the neat and professional appearance of the finished product. Conversely, some customers report difficulties with installation, including issues with proper alignment, fastening, or the overall complexity of the process. The importance of hiring qualified installers and reviewing the installation process thoroughly cannot be overstated.
Cost and Value of Engineered Wood Siding
Cost-effectiveness is a key factor in the decision-making process for many consumers. Reviews frequently compare the cost of engineered wood siding to other siding options, with some customers finding the price point justifiable given the long-term durability and aesthetic appeal. However, some report that the cost may be higher compared to alternative siding materials, emphasizing the need to weigh the initial investment against the long-term value and maintenance requirements.
Summary Table of Customer Feedback
| Brand | Quality | Installation | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brand A | High praise for durability, but some reports of minor inconsistencies in finish quality. | Generally positive feedback on installation ease, but some complaints about uneven seams. | Priced competitively with other options, but perceived as higher than some alternatives. |
| Brand B | Positive reviews for resistance to moisture and pests. Some concerns about warping. | Installer reviews vary, with some noting issues with alignment and some praising the speed and precision. | Fairly priced, but may be slightly more expensive than budget-friendly options. |
| Brand C | Strong reviews for natural wood appearance and texture. A few reports of minor defects in the wood panels. | Mostly positive reviews on the professional work, but some mention challenges with precise installation. | Slightly higher cost than other options, but justified by the perceived value of the material. |
Environmental Impact of Engineered Wood Siding
Engineered wood siding, while offering attractive aesthetics and durability, also raises concerns about its environmental footprint. Understanding the production processes and material choices is crucial for evaluating its overall sustainability. This section examines the environmental impact of engineered wood siding, exploring its sustainability, comparing it to other options, and highlighting relevant certifications.
Engineered wood siding, often composed of wood fibers or wood pulp bound with resins, can have a varied environmental impact depending on the specific manufacturing process and the materials used. Factors such as the sourcing of raw materials, the energy consumption during production, and the waste generated during the manufacturing process all play a role in assessing its ecological impact. Responsible sourcing of wood, minimized energy consumption, and efficient waste management practices are crucial for reducing the negative environmental effects of engineered wood siding production.
Sustainability of Engineered Wood Siding Materials
The sustainability of engineered wood siding materials hinges on responsible sourcing and manufacturing practices. Sustainable forestry practices, such as reforestation and selective logging, are crucial for ensuring the long-term availability of wood resources. Utilizing recycled wood or byproducts from other industries can further reduce the environmental impact. The use of renewable and biodegradable materials in the binding agents is another key aspect to consider.
Environmental Footprint Comparison
Comparing the environmental footprint of engineered wood siding with other siding options is essential for evaluating its sustainability. Alternative options, such as vinyl siding, fiber cement siding, and metal siding, have different environmental impacts. Vinyl siding, for instance, often involves the use of petroleum-based materials, leading to concerns about fossil fuel dependency and potential plastic waste. Fiber cement siding might have a higher embodied energy during manufacturing, while metal siding can involve energy-intensive extraction and processing of raw materials. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) considers all stages of a product’s existence to compare its environmental impact.
Sustainability Certifications and Practices
Different engineered wood siding brands adopt various sustainability certifications and practices. These certifications validate their commitment to responsible sourcing, reduced environmental impact, and waste minimization. The table below provides a glimpse into some of the common certifications and practices employed by leading brands.
| Brand | Sustainability Certifications | Manufacturing Practices |
|---|---|---|
| Brand A | FSC (Forest Stewardship Council), PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) | Utilizes recycled wood fibers, employs energy-efficient production methods, implements water conservation measures. |
| Brand B | EPA’s Design for the Environment (DfE) program | Employs low-VOC (volatile organic compound) resins, minimizes waste generation through optimized production processes. |
| Brand C | Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) | Focuses on responsible forest management, actively collaborates with local communities. |
| Brand D | LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) credits | Applies environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques, incorporates recycled content in products. |
Note: The table above provides illustrative examples and may not encompass all certifications or practices employed by each brand. Further research is recommended for detailed information.
Future Trends in Engineered Wood Siding
Engineered wood siding, a popular choice for its durability and aesthetic appeal, is poised for continued innovation. Emerging technologies and evolving consumer preferences are driving the development of new materials and manufacturing processes, promising even greater performance and design flexibility in the future. This exploration will delve into potential future trends, including advancements in materials and manufacturing, and how these might shape the engineered wood siding market.
The engineered wood siding industry is expected to see significant advancements in materials and manufacturing processes. These advancements are driven by the desire for increased sustainability, enhanced performance characteristics, and greater design flexibility. By understanding these future trends, homeowners and builders can make informed decisions about their siding choices.
Potential Advancements in Materials
The search for improved performance and sustainability is driving the development of new materials. Recycled wood fibers and byproducts are being explored as alternatives to virgin wood, reducing environmental impact while maintaining desirable aesthetic qualities. Composites incorporating engineered wood with polymers and other materials offer increased resistance to moisture and decay, potentially expanding the geographic range where engineered wood siding can be effectively used.
Potential Advancements in Manufacturing Processes
Innovations in manufacturing processes aim to enhance efficiency and precision, resulting in higher-quality siding products. Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) is becoming more prevalent, allowing for more intricate designs and customized profiles. 3D printing technologies are also being explored, offering the potential for complex geometries and intricate patterns that were previously unattainable.
Hypothetical Advanced Engineered Wood Siding Material of the Future
Imagine a future engineered wood siding material, “Eco-Fusion,” that combines the strength of reclaimed wood fibers with a polymer matrix. This material, produced through a patented, high-pressure molding process, would exhibit exceptional moisture resistance and durability, surpassing the performance of current engineered wood sidings. Eco-Fusion could be formulated with added UV stabilizers and pigments, enabling a wider range of colors and textures, and potentially offering self-cleaning properties. Furthermore, the material’s low weight and efficient manufacturing process would minimize transportation costs and environmental impact.
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging technologies, such as advancements in polymer science and nanotechnology, will influence the performance and aesthetic qualities of future engineered wood siding. Nanomaterials can be incorporated to enhance the material’s resistance to weathering, insects, and fire, while also increasing its durability. Furthermore, developments in digital printing techniques could enable customized designs and intricate patterns to be applied directly to the siding, opening up a new realm of aesthetic possibilities.
Ultimate Conclusion
In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis of best engineered wood siding brands highlights the significant advantages these products offer. From their impressive performance and durability to the varied design options and maintenance requirements, we’ve explored all facets of this modern siding technology. The guide concludes by presenting a comparative assessment of different brands, warranty information, and customer feedback, ultimately assisting in making informed decisions about selecting the optimal siding solution for any project. We hope this guide has provided valuable insights into the world of engineered wood siding.